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Related Concept Videos

Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection
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Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection

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Microbe Interactions within the Skin Microbiome.

Thaís Glatthardt1,2,3, Rayssa Durães Lima1,4, Raquel Monteiro de Mattos1

  • 1Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The skin microbiota prevents pathogens using antimicrobial compounds and antivirulence molecules. These microbes also influence each other

Keywords:
Cutibacterium acnesStaphylococcusmicrobial signalingquorum sensingskin microbiota

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Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Dermatology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • The skin, the largest organ, hosts a complex microbial community.
  • Skin microbiota plays a crucial role in host defense and health.
  • Interactions within the skin microbiota shape its structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of microbial interaction on the skin.
  • To explore biotechnological applications of skin microbiota products.
  • To highlight how commensals inhibit pathogens and modulate virulence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of microbial interactions on the skin.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of pathogen inhibition by commensals.
  • Identification of biotechnological applications of microbial products.

Main Results:

  • Commensal skin microbes inhibit pathogens via bacteriocins, proteases, and phenol soluble modulins (PSMs).
  • Microbiota-derived molecules can reduce pathogen adhesion and invasion.
  • Microbes sense environmental signals and modulate gene expression, affecting virulence.

Conclusions:

  • Skin microbiota interactions are vital for maintaining skin homeostasis.
  • Understanding these interactions reveals potential for novel biotechnological applications.
  • Microbial products offer avenues for developing new therapeutic strategies.