Colonic Leiomyoma: A Case Report of an Uncommon Endoscopic Finding

Leiomyomas are rare, benign tumors composed of smooth muscle cells. When found in the colon, they account for only about 3% of gastrointestinal leiomyomas. Typically asymptomatic, they are often incidentally discovered during endoscopic evaluations. This report describes the case of a 71-year-old female with abdominal pain and distension, whose colonoscopy revealed a 7 mm sessile polyp in the sigmoid colon. Histological analysis confirmed it to be a submucosal leiomyoma. Although endoscopic resection is a common therapeutic strategy, surgical treatment may be necessary for larger tumors or when malignancy is suspected. This case emphasizes the limitations of polyp classification through endoscopy alone and the important role histopathological analysis continues to play in this regard. Accurately diagnosing these lesions is crucial for appropriate treatment and surveillance, namely, in the primary healthcare context. Further research is needed to improve diagnostic capabilities and reduce the need for repeat colonoscopies, reducing patient burden.