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Related Concept Videos

Types of Cement II01:22

Types of Cement II

109
Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
109
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

237
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
237
Types of Cement I01:21

Types of Cement I

125
Portland cement comes in several types, each with distinct properties and applications based on their chemical composition and hydration characteristics:
Type I (Ordinary Portland Cement) is widely used for general construction where special properties are not required. It has moderate sulfate resistance and heat of hydration.
Type II (Modified Cement) offers moderate resistance to sulfate attack and a lower rate of heat development compared to Type I. It is suitable for structures in...
125
Portland Cement01:21

Portland Cement

221
Portland cement is the essential binding ingredient in concrete, made from finely ground materials including lime, iron, silica, and alumina. Lime is derived primarily from limestone, marble, marl, seashells, and clays, which also supply iron and alumina, while silica is sourced from sand, chalk, and bauxite. Contemporary manufacturing of Portland cement is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting research into reducing its content in concrete through alternative...
221
Additives and Fillers in Concrete01:29

Additives and Fillers in Concrete

96
Additives and fillers are integral to enhancing the properties of concrete. Pozzolans and blast-furnace slag are additives or admixtures due to their reactions with calcium hydroxide released during cement hydration. Fillers, which are finely ground and similar in fineness to Portland cement, improve concrete attributes such as workability density, and reduce capillary bleeding or cracking. Some fillers possess hydraulic properties or participate in benign reactions within the cement paste.
The...
96
Pozzolans01:21

Pozzolans

112
Pozzolans are siliceous or aluminous materials blended with Portland cement. They interact with the calcium hydroxide produced during the hydration of Portland cement and contribute to improved strength and durability of concrete. The pozzolanic activity, a measure of a pozzolan's effectiveness, is typically assessed using the strength activity index, as defined in ASTM C 618-93, which calculates the ratio of the compressive strength of cement mixtures with and without pozzolan.
Fly ash is...
112

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Functionalized graphene-based materials for cementitious applications.

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Chemically modified graphene-based materials (GBM) improve concrete strength. Functionalized GBM enhances mortar flexural and compressive strength by up to 17% and 30%, respectively, overcoming dispersion challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Civil Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene-based materials (GBM) offer superior mechanical and durability properties for cementitious composites.
  • Effective dispersion of GBM in aqueous cement matrices is crucial for realizing their full potential.
  • Limited dispersibility of GBM hinders their application in concrete.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limited dispersibility of graphene-based materials in aqueous environments.
  • To chemically functionalize graphene structures with hydrophilic aryl sulfonate groups.
  • To evaluate the impact of modified GBM on the mechanical properties of mortar.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical functionalization of mono- and few-layer graphene structures.
  • Incorporation of modified GBM into mortar samples.
  • Testing of flexural and compressive strength of modified mortar samples.

Main Results:

  • Modified GBM exhibited improved dispersibility in aqueous media.
  • Mortar samples with modified GBM showed increased flexural strength by up to 17%.
  • Mortar samples with modified GBM demonstrated increased compressive strength by up to 30%.

Conclusions:

  • Chemical functionalization enhances GBM dispersibility in cementitious matrices.
  • Modified GBM significantly improve the mechanical performance of concrete.
  • This approach offers a viable method for utilizing GBM in high-performance concrete.