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Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

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Severity of developmental delay and parenting behavior in toddlers with neurodevelopmental disabilities

Annalisa Castagna1, Niccolò Butti1,2, Laura Cordolcini1

  • 10-3 Center for the at-Risk Infant, Scientific Institute, IRCCS Eugenio Medea, Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.

Frontiers in Psychology
|January 22, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (ND) show altered parenting behaviors. Mothers of toddlers with moderate/severe ND were less responsive and taught less, impacting early intervention strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Parenting Studies

Background:

  • Neurodevelopmental disabilities (ND) significantly impact child development and parent-child dynamics.
  • The influence of developmental delay severity on parenting behaviors requires further investigation.
  • Understanding these nuances is crucial for targeted early intervention programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare parenting behaviors in mothers of toddlers with varying degrees of developmental delay (moderate/severe, mild/borderline) versus typically developing toddlers.
  • To examine the role of maternal emotional states, including stress and depressive symptoms, in parenting behaviors.
  • To identify specific parenting dimensions affected by the severity of a child's neurodevelopmental disability.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 88 mother-toddler dyads (12-47 months).
  • Video-recorded interactions coded using the PICCOLO checklist (affection, responsiveness, encouragement, teaching).
  • Maternal stress and depressive symptoms assessed via standardized questionnaires; MANOVA/MANCOVA used for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Mothers of toddlers with ND exhibited lower responsiveness compared to controls.
  • Moderate/severe developmental delay specifically impacted teaching behaviors.
  • No significant differences were found in affection or encouragement behaviors; maternal stress did not directly alter parenting.

Conclusions:

  • The severity of a child's neurodevelopmental disability influences specific parenting dimensions, particularly responsiveness and teaching.
  • Findings underscore the need for tailored early parental interventions that consider the degree of developmental delay.
  • This research informs clinical practice and future studies on supporting families with neurodevelopmental disabilities.
Abstract

Keywords:
PICCOLOdevelopmental delayneurodevelopmental disabilityparenting behaviorparenting stressresponsivenessteaching

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