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Phytosulfokine peptides, their receptors, and functions
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
Frontiers in Plant Science
|January 22, 2024
Summary
Phytosulfokines (PSK) are plant peptide hormones regulating growth, immunity, and development. This review details their biosynthesis, signaling via PSK receptors (PSKR), and diverse functions, offering insights for agricultural applications.
Area of Science:
- Plant Biology
- Molecular Endocrinology
- Agricultural Science
Background:
- Phytosulfokines (PSKs) are a class of disulfated pentapeptides functioning as crucial plant peptide hormones.
- Four bioactive PSKs (PSK-α, -γ, -δ, and -ϵ) are known to influence plant growth, development, and immunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in the biosynthesis, signaling pathways, and functional roles of Phytosulfokines (PSKs).
- To highlight the potential of PSKs in biotechnological development and agricultural applications.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on PSK biosynthesis, including precursor genes, sulfation, and proteolytic cleavage.
- Analysis of PSK signaling mechanisms involving leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (PSKR).
- Compilation of reported biological functions of PSKs across various plant processes.
Main Results:
- PSKs are synthesized from precursor genes via tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase and subtilisin serine proteases.
- PSK signaling is mediated by plasma membrane-localized PSK receptors (PSKR).
- PSKs promote cell division, growth, reproduction, somatic embryogenesis, legume nodulation, and stress resistance.
Conclusions:
- Phytosulfokines play multifaceted roles in plant biology, from development to stress response.
- Understanding PSK pathways offers significant potential for agricultural innovation and crop improvement.
- Further research directions are proposed to deepen insights into PSK mechanisms and applications.
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