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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Author Spotlight: Improving Radiation Therapy Access with Radiation Planning Assistant
05:18

Author Spotlight: Improving Radiation Therapy Access with Radiation Planning Assistant

Published on: October 6, 2023

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Functional information guided adaptive radiation therapy.

R Craig Herndon1

  • 1Hillman Cancer Center, Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Williamsport, PA, United States.

Frontiers in Oncology
|January 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional information enables personalized cancer therapy by mathematically linking tumor biomarkers and treatment response models. This adaptive approach allows for individualized adjustments in radiation dose, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
bioinformaticsbiomarkerscomplexityinformation theoryprecision medicineradiomics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Cancer therapies require adaptation for individual patients.
  • Tumor biomarkers offer insights into treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce functional information as a mechanism for adaptive cancer therapy.
  • Demonstrate a method to uniquely adapt therapies based on tumor biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a tumor volume biomarker model using a reduction rate coefficient.
  • Adapted a radiotherapy model using functional information to link biomarker and bioresponse data.
  • Quantified biomarker and bioresponse data in information units to create an analytic conduit.

Main Results:

  • Presented an information-guided process for individualized dose adaptations.
  • Utilized clinical data to demonstrate the methodology for adaptive cancer therapy research.
  • Showcased a flowchart and tabular data for the information-guided process.

Conclusions:

  • Functional information mathematically connects disparate bioresponse and biomarker data sets.
  • This approach is extensible across multiple research fields.
  • Functional information facilitates adaptive cancer therapy by integrating immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy for individualized treatment plans.