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Related Concept Videos

Photoluminescence: Applications01:14

Photoluminescence: Applications

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Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...
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Photoluminescence is a process where a molecule absorbs light energy and re-emits it in the form of light. This phenomenon occurs when a substance absorbs photons, promoting its electrons to higher energy level excited states, followed by a relaxation process in which the electrons return to their original ground state energy levels and emit light. Photoluminescence is widely observed in various materials, including semiconductors, and organic and inorganic compounds.
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
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Fluorescence and phosphorescence are essential phenomena in fields like analytical chemistry, biological imaging, and materials science, where they detect molecular properties and visualize cellular structures. Understanding the variables that influence these luminescent behaviors is crucial for maximizing accuracy and efficiency in their applications. These variables can broadly be grouped into chemical structure, solvent properties, and external conditions, each playing a distinct role in...
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Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

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Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
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Photophysics and its application in photon upconversion.

Yutong Zhang1,2, Wenna Du1,2, Xinfeng Liu1,2

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China. zhangyt2021@nanoctr.cn.

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Photoluminescence upconversion uses light-matter interactions to emit higher-energy photons. This review covers its mechanisms, ultrafast processes, and applications in areas like laser cooling and biological imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Photoluminescence (PL) upconversion involves light-matter interactions where emitted photon energy exceeds incident photon energy.
  • This phenomenon has significant potential in various technological fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental mechanisms of photoluminescence upconversion.
  • To explore ultrafast photoluminescence physical processes.
  • To highlight recent advancements and applications of PL upconversion.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on photoluminescence upconversion.
  • Analysis of theoretical mechanisms and experimental findings.
  • Synthesis of information on applications and future directions.

Main Results:

  • Detailed explanation of PL upconversion mechanisms.
  • Discussion of ultrafast PL processes.
  • Overview of applications including laser cooling, biological imaging, volumetric displays, and photonics.

Conclusions:

  • PL upconversion is a key phenomenon with broad applicability.
  • Continued research promises further innovation in optoelectronics and beyond.