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Related Concept Videos

Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Using Hierarchically Structured, Nanoporous Particles as Building Blocks for NCM111 Cathodes.

Werner Bauer1, Marcus Müller1, Luca Schneider1

  • 1Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hierarchically structured microparticles overcome nanoparticle limitations for battery applications. These engineered particles offer high energy density and improved performance, enabling competitive electrodes for advanced energy storage systems.

Keywords:
active materialbatterycathodelithium-ion batterynanomaterialporosity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanoparticles offer advantages like short diffusion lengths but suffer from low packing density, hindering commercial battery use.
  • Hierarchically structured microparticles are created by aggregating nanoscale primary particles, improving packing density while retaining nanomaterial benefits.
  • The inherent porosity of these structured particles presents processing challenges and affects overall electrode porosity, requiring careful optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of hierarchically structured microparticles as active materials for battery applications.
  • To balance the benefits of improved packing density and rate stability against processing limitations and increased porosity.
  • To demonstrate the efficacy of hierarchically structured particles using a lithium-ion battery cathode material (LiNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2, NCM111).

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of hierarchically structured microparticles through targeted aggregation of nanoscale primary particles.
  • Characterization of particle structure, porosity, and packing density.
  • Electrode fabrication and electrochemical performance testing using NCM111 as a model system.

Main Results:

  • Hierarchically structured microparticles achieve significantly higher packing densities compared to primary nanoparticles.
  • The structured particles maintain the advantageous short diffusion lengths and low charge transfer resistance of nanomaterials.
  • Electrode performance, including rate stability and lifetime, is improved, though overall porosity needs careful management.

Conclusions:

  • Hierarchically structured microparticles offer a viable solution to enhance battery active material performance and enable denser electrode packing.
  • Careful control over particle architecture and processing is crucial to optimize electrode properties and overcome limitations.
  • This approach is particularly promising for active materials with low conductivity, such as those in post-lithium battery systems, to achieve competitive performance.