Effects of Age and Playing Position on Field-Based Physical Fitness Measures in Adolescent Female Netball Players

This cross-sectional study investigated the impact of age and playing position, controlling for maturity, on physical fitness indicators in 303 adolescent female netball players aged 12.0 to 15.9 years. Assessments included estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) via the 20 m shuttle run test, 10 m and 20 m sprints, change of direction speed (CODS) using the 505 test, and muscle power via the medicine ball chest throw (MBCT) and countermovement vertical jump (CMJ). Participants were grouped by age (12 to 15 years) and playing position (non-circle and circle players), with age at peak height velocity as a covariate for maturity. Results revealed that, at 15 years, CMJ height was greater than at 12 years and 13 years (p < 0.05, partial η² = 0.048). MBCT distance increased across age groups (p < 0.01, partial η² = 0.323). Age had no impact on sprints, VO₂max, or CODS. Non-circle players outperformed circle players in the 10 m sprint (p = 0.042, partial η² = 0.016) and 20 m sprints (p = 0.010, partial η² = 0.025) and displayed higher VO₂max (p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.036). Circle players were taller (p = 0.046, partial η² = 0.014) and heavier (p < 0.001, partial η² = 0.040) than non-circle players. Playing positions showed no differences in CMJ and MBCT. In adolescent female netball players, only muscle power is influenced by age, while non-circle players exhibit superior aerobic fitness and speed compared to circle players. Coaches may be able to utilize the distinct age and playing position traits of adolescent netballers to inform player selection and design targeted training programs.