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Characteristics of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Due to Autoimmune Diseases: A Single-Center Retrospective

Furkan Saridas1, Gizem Mesut1, Yasemin Dinc1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Bursa Uludağ University Medicine Faculty.

The Neurologist
|January 22, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in autoimmune diseases (AD) often presents with subacute onset and headaches, differing from other causes. Behcet's syndrome (BS) cases show distinct patterns compared to other ADs.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a serious cerebrovascular condition.
  • Autoimmune diseases (AD) are recognized contributors to CVST.
  • Understanding the specific characteristics of AD-associated CVST is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate CVST in patients with autoimmune diseases (AD) from CVST with other causes (OCs).
  • To compare CVST characteristics in Behcet's syndrome (BS) with those in other ADs.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 187 CVST patient records (2008-2023) at a single center.
  • Data collection included clinical presentation, neurological exams, laboratory findings, and advanced imaging (MRI/MRV).
  • Radiological findings (thrombosis location, complications, collateralization) were re-evaluated and compared across patient groups (AD, other ADs, OCs).

Main Results:

  • 28 cases of AD-associated CVST were identified (18 BS, 10 other AD).
  • AD-related CVST showed a more subacute-chronic onset, frequent headaches, and higher rates of transverse sinus involvement compared to OCs.
  • Conversely, AD-related CVST had less collateralization, venous infarction, hemorrhagic transformation, and bleeding.
  • Behcet's syndrome patients presented earlier, with more transverse sinus thrombosis, less cortical vein thrombosis, and better collateralization than other AD groups.

Conclusions:

  • CVST is a rare but significant complication of autoimmune diseases.
  • The subacute-chronic onset and prevalence of headaches in AD-associated CVST warrant consideration in differential diagnoses for chronic headaches.
  • Transverse sinus thrombosis is a common finding, while collateralization and hemorrhagic complications are less frequent in this cohort.
Abstract

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