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An update of new/potential cardiovascular markers: a narrative review
Sharique Ahmad1, Raushan Kumar2
1Department of Pathology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, India.
Insights
This review examines historical and emerging cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers. While new biomarkers show promise, further research is needed to validate their diagnostic and risk assessment capabilities for CVD.
Area of Science:
- Biomarker discovery and cardiovascular research.
- Medical diagnostics and disease management.
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health crisis, with rising prevalence linked to lifestyle changes.
- Biomarkers are crucial for diagnosing and understanding CVD and associated pathologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review established cardiovascular biomarkers.
- To explore the utility and limitations of new and emerging biomarkers for CVD.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of historical and novel cardiovascular biomarkers.
- Analysis of biomarker applications, efficacy, and limitations in CVD diagnosis and risk assessment.
Main Results:
- Several novel biomarkers, including sST2, GDF-15, CD-40, IL-6, and Micro-RNA, are under investigation.
- Initial findings suggest potential for these biomarkers, but clinical validation is pending.
Conclusions:
- Emerging biomarkers show promise but require more research for clinical adoption.
- Further studies are necessary to confirm their effectiveness in diagnosing CVD and assessing risk factors.
Background:
Cardiovascular and their associated disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, in developed and developing countries, and its prevalence has increased over the past few decades, due to changes in the lifestyle of people. Biomarkers are important tools for diagnosing, analyzing, and providing evidence of pathological conditions of CVD and their associated diseases.
Methods:
This study reviews historical cardiovascular biomarkers used to diagnose various diseases, their uses, and limitations, as well as the importance of new and emerging biomarkers.
Conclusion:
sST2, GDF-15, CD-40, IL-6, and Micro-RNA. Initial studies of the future of cardiac biomarkers are promising, but more research is needed to demonstrate that they are more effective biomarkers of risk factors for CVD development. They also lack the analytical foundation needed for adoption in the medical industry. It is also necessary to determine whether these biomarkers can be used for diagnosis.
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