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Chitosan‑iodine complexes: Preparation, characterization, and antibacterial activity.

Zhaoyu Zhang1, Boya Weng1, Zhang Hu1

  • 1Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|January 22, 2024
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New chitosan-iodine complexes show potent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. These modified natural polymers offer a promising, non-toxic option for advanced wound management applications.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Bacterial infections pose significant public health challenges.
  • Developing effective antibacterial agents from natural polymers is essential for combating these threats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel chitosan-iodine (CSAN-I) complexes.
  • To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy and cytocompatibility of these complexes for potential wound management applications.

Main Methods:

  • Grafting 2-aminoisonicotinic acid (AN) onto chitosan via carbodiimide coupling.
  • Preparing CSAN-I complexes using solvent-assisted grinding.
  • Characterization using spectroscopy (UV-Vis, FTIR, Raman, NMR) and X-ray diffraction.
  • Assessing thermal stability via thermogravimetric analysis and iodine speciation via XPS.
  • In vitro antibacterial assays against E. coli and S. aureus, and cytotoxicity tests on L929 cells.

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis of CSAN-I complexes confirmed by various characterization techniques.
  • XPS analysis indicated 81% of iodine exists as triiodide ions.
  • CSAN-I complexes demonstrated significant in vitro antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria.
  • CSAN-I-3, with the highest iodine content (5.56%), exhibited the strongest antibacterial effect.
  • CSAN-I-3 showed good cytocompatibility and was non-toxic to L929 cells.

Conclusions:

  • CSAN-I complexes represent a novel class of antibacterial materials derived from natural polymers.
  • The enhanced antibacterial activity is attributed to the presence of triiodide ions within the chitosan matrix.
  • CSAN-I complexes, particularly CSAN-I-3, show great potential as safe and effective agents for clinical wound management.