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Multiethnic Trends in Early Onset Colorectal Cancer.

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Early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) disproportionately affects Native Hawaiians, with diagnosis occurring 5-10 years earlier than in other ethnic groups. EOCRC incidence is rising faster in females than males in Hawaii.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Limited data exists on early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) in Asian and Native Hawaiian populations within the US.
  • Previous studies primarily focused on White, African American, and Hispanic demographics.
  • Understanding EOCRC trends in diverse ethnic groups is crucial for targeted health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the current characteristics of EOCRC in Hawaii's multiethnic population.
  • To identify ethnic and gender-specific trends in EOCRC incidence, mortality, and survival.
  • To compare EOCRC presentation and outcomes among different ethnic groups in Hawaii.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Hawaii Tumor Registry for colorectal cancer (CRC) cases diagnosed between 2000-2019.
  • Analyzed CRC cases by subsite, age, gender, ethnicity, and stage.
  • Evaluated incidence, mortality rates, and survival using age-adjusted rates and statistical comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Overall CRC incidence and mortality declined, with greater decreases in colon cancer than rectal/rectosigmoid cancers.
  • Colon cancer incidence increased significantly in those under 45, and rectal/rectosigmoid cancers increased in those aged 45-54.
  • Native Hawaiians were diagnosed 5-10 years earlier, had higher CRC mortality, and lower survival rates compared to other ethnic groups.
  • EOCRC incidence increased more rapidly in females than males in Hawaii, differing from national trends.

Conclusions:

  • Native Hawaiians disproportionately experience EOCRC, presenting at younger ages with poorer outcomes.
  • Increasing EOCRC rates in females in Hawaii highlight unique ethnic and gender-specific disparities.
  • Further research into ethnic-specific risk factors and targeted interventions for EOCRC is warranted.