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The Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Response in Breast Cancer
Behjatolah Monzavi-Karbassi1, Thomas Kelly1, Steven R Post1
1Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 23, 2024
Abstract:
The complex interactions between cancer cells and their surrounding microenvironment are fundamental in determining tumor progression, response to therapy, and, ultimately, patient prognosis [...].
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01:27Tumor Immunotherapy
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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