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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
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Body Composition in Chronic Liver Disease.

Hiroki Nishikawa1, Soo Ki Kim2, Akira Asai1

  • 1Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Body composition, including muscle mass, is crucial for health and aging. This review focuses on how liver diseases impact body composition, particularly sarcopenia, highlighting the liver-muscle axis.

Keywords:
adipose tissuebody compositionliversarcopeniaskeletal muscle

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Area of Science:

  • * Physiology and Medicine
  • * Gerontology
  • * Hepatology

Background:

  • * Body composition (fat, bone, lean soft tissue) changes with aging, often involving muscle loss (sarcopenia).
  • * Sarcopenia is classified as primary (age-related) or secondary (disease-related).
  • * The liver-muscle axis, an interaction between liver and skeletal muscles, is gaining research interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review current findings on body composition in patients with liver diseases.
  • * To explore the relationship between liver conditions and secondary sarcopenia.
  • * To emphasize the role of the liver-muscle axis in disease pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of recent studies on body composition and liver diseases.
  • * Analysis of the impact of specific liver conditions on muscle mass and function.
  • * Examination of the interplay between liver health and skeletal muscle status.

Main Results:

  • * Liver diseases, especially cirrhosis, are linked to secondary sarcopenia due to malnutrition.
  • * Protein-energy malnutrition is a key factor in sarcopenia development in cirrhosis patients.
  • * The liver-muscle axis plays a significant role in maintaining body composition during liver disease.

Conclusions:

  • * Body composition assessment is vital for managing liver diseases.
  • * Understanding the liver-muscle axis is crucial for addressing sarcopenia in liver patients.
  • * Further research into organ-organ networks can improve patient outcomes.