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Correlation between Inflammasomes and Microbiota in Peri-Implantitis.

Miguel Padial-Molina1,2, Saray Montalvo-Acosta3, Natividad Martín-Morales4,5

  • 1Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.

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This study links specific oral bacteria to inflammasome activation in peri-implantitis. Key inflammasomes (NLRP3, AIM2) and their effectors (caspase-1, IL-1β) are associated with bacterial species found in peri-implantitis tissues.

Keywords:
AIM2IL-1βNLRP3caspase-1inflammasomemicrobiomeperi-implantitis

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Area of Science:

  • Oral microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Periodontology

Background:

  • Peri-implantitis involves inflammation around dental implants.
  • Inflammasome activation is implicated in this inflammatory process.
  • The relationship between specific microbiota and inflammasomes in peri-implantitis is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between oral microbiota composition and inflammasome activation in patients with peri-implantitis.
  • To identify specific bacterial species associated with inflammasome components in peri-implantitis tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Collected biofilm and soft tissue samples from 19 patients undergoing surgical treatment for peri-implantitis.
  • Analyzed bacterial 16S rRNA gene using next-generation sequencing to determine relative abundance and diversity.
  • Evaluated inflammasomes NLRP3, AIM2, caspase-1, and IL-1β in soft tissue samples via immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • Identified dominant bacterial species including *Porphyromonas gingivalis*, *Fusobacterium vincentii*, and *Porphyromonas endodontalis*.
  • Found significant correlations between specific bacterial species and the presence of NLRP3, AIM2, caspase-1, and IL-1β in both epithelial and lamina propria tissues.
  • Network analysis revealed a distinct cluster involving NLRP3, AIM2, caspase-1, IL-1β, and specific bacteria like *Prevotella* and *Tannerella forsythia*.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammasomes NLRP3 and AIM2, along with their downstream effectors caspase-1 and interleukin-1β, are significantly associated with specific bacterial species in peri-implantitis.
  • This suggests a direct link between microbial dysbiosis and the innate immune response in the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis.