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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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Thyroid Disorders in Systemic Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review.

Aifer Cherim1,2, Răzvan-Cosmin Petca3,4, Mihai-Cristian Dumitrascu5,6

  • 1Department of Dermatovenerology, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|January 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is linked to increased thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, particularly in females. Autoimmune thyroid markers are more common in scleroderma patients, impacting disease prognosis.

Keywords:
familial autoimmunitysystemic sclerosisthyroid cancerthyroid disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and Endocrinology
  • Autoimmune Diseases Research

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) is a chronic autoimmune condition affecting skin and organs.
  • It predominantly affects females and can co-occur with thyroid disorders.
  • Symptoms like fatigue and weight changes overlap between systemic sclerosis and thyroid disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the relationship between thyroid disorders and systemic sclerosis.
  • To analyze evidence from 2002-2022 using PubMed-sourced research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic analysis of 21 original studies.
  • Inclusion of data from 32,285 patients.
  • Literature review focusing on thyroid dysfunction and systemic sclerosis markers.

Main Results:

  • Elevated TSH levels and hypothyroidism are more frequent in systemic sclerosis patients, especially females.
  • Hyperthyroidism occurrence is increased in systemic sclerosis, negatively affecting prognosis.
  • Higher prevalence of thyroid antibodies (anti-TPO) and autoimmune disorders observed in systemic sclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Systemic sclerosis is associated with a higher incidence of thyroid dysfunction and specific autoantibodies.
  • Thyroid disorders can influence systemic sclerosis prognosis, warranting clinical attention.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the complex interplay and clinical implications.