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Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

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Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Casting Protocols for the Production of Open Cell Aluminum Foams by the Replication Technique and the Effect on Porosity
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Recent Trends in Polymeric Foams and Porous Structures for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Applications.

Marcelo Antunes1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Poly2 Group, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC BarcelonaTech), ESEIAAT, C/Colom 11, 08222 Terrassa, Spain.

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|January 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights recent advances in polymer composite foams with conductive nanofillers for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Controlling nanofiller distribution enhances conductivity and EMI shielding efficiency in porous materials.

Keywords:
3D printingEM wave absorptionEMI shieldingcarbon-based nanofillersmicrocellular foamsnanohybridspolymeric foamsporous structures

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Polymer-based nanocomposite foams with conductive nanofillers are crucial for limiting electromagnetic interference (EMI) pollution in electronic devices.
  • Understanding the complex microstructural and porous properties is key to optimizing EMI shielding efficiency (EMI SE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review significant developments in polymer-based foams with conductive nanofillers for EMI shielding over the last three years.
  • To explore strategies for controlling electrical conductivity and nanofiller distribution to enhance EMI SE.
  • To examine the role of microcellular foaming, supercritical CO2 (sCO2) technologies, and 3D printing in creating advanced shielding materials.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on microcellular foaming strategies, particularly those using supercritical CO2 (sCO2).
  • Review the use of single and combined nanofillers (nanohybrids) for improved conductivity and shielding.
  • Incorporate advancements in creating porous structures via 3D printing and using polymer foams as templates for carbon foams.

Main Results:

  • Controlled distribution of conductive nanofillers, especially carbon-based ones, leads to effective conductive network formation and enhanced EMI SE.
  • Microcellular foaming and sCO2 technologies are effective for developing polymer foams with superior EMI shielding.
  • Nanohybrid strategies and 3D printing offer new avenues for tailoring porous structures and shielding properties.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing nanofiller distribution and conductivity is essential for maximizing EMI shielding in polymer composite foams.
  • Emerging technologies like sCO2 foaming and 3D printing show great promise for advanced EMI shielding applications.
  • Further research into computational approaches and nanohybrid systems can unlock new possibilities for high-performance EMI shielding materials.