Equine Rotavirus A under the One Health Lens: Potential Impacts on Public Health

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Epidemiology
• Genetics

Background:

• Group A rotaviruses (RVA) cause viral gastroenteritis in humans and animals.
• RVA possesses a diverse, segmented RNA genome enabling genetic reassortment.
• Historically, RVA host ranges were thought to be restricted, but recent studies reveal inter-species transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the structure, genomics, epidemiology, and evolution of RVA.
• To highlight the zoonotic potential of equine and other animal RVA strains.
• To discuss diagnostics, surveillance, and vaccine status for RVA.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of molecular surveillance and genome constellation genotyping studies.
• Analysis of epidemiological data focusing on human and equine RVA.
• Synthesis of information on RVA inter-species transmission and evolution.

Main Results:

• Animal RVA strains contribute to the genetic diversity of human RVA.
• Equine rotaviruses, including equine-like G3 RVA, have infected children.
• RVA exhibits significant inter-species transmission and zoonotic potential.

Conclusions:

• Animal rotaviruses are crucial for RVA evolution and pose a zoonotic risk.
• Understanding RVA inter-species transmission is vital for public health and vaccine development.
• Continued surveillance and research are necessary to control RVA infections.