A Single-Sensor Approach for Noninvasively Tracking Phase Velocity in Tendons during Dynamic Movement

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Biomedical Engineering
• Musculoskeletal Research

Background:

• Shear wave tensiometry noninvasively measures tendon force using wave speed.
• Traditional methods require broadband excitation and dual sensors.
• Accurate tendon force measurement is crucial for understanding dynamic activities and injury.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a new single-sensor shear wave tensiometry technique.
• To track phase velocity using shaped excitations for tendon force assessment.
• To explore the feasibility of smaller, more adaptable shear wave tensiometers.

Main Methods:

• Utilized shaped excitations and single-sensor measurements to track phase velocity.
• Applied the method to the Achilles tendon during dynamic activities.
• Compared phase velocity modulation with traditional broadband excitation methods.

Main Results:

• Observed phase velocity modulation consistent with broadband wave speed measures.
• Confirmed a frequency-dependent phase velocity in the Achilles tendon, characteristic of soft tissues.
• Demonstrated the potential for accurate, noninvasive tendon force estimation.

Conclusions:

• The new single-sensor method effectively measures tendon phase velocity.
• This approach enhances noninvasive tendon force characterization and allows for smaller device designs.
• The technique broadens the applicability of shear wave tensiometry for various tendons and activities.