Mogroside V alleviates inflammation response by modulating miR-21-5P/SPRY1 axis

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Mogroside V (MV), a natural sweetener from *Siraitia grosvenorii*, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties.
• MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of natural compounds.
• The specific miRNA involvement and molecular pathways of MV's anti-inflammatory effects remain largely unelucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify key miRNAs mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of Mogroside V.
• To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of MV's anti-inflammation action.
• To investigate the role of the miR-21-5p/SPRY1 axis in MV-mediated inflammation suppression.

Main Methods:

• Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells were used.
• miRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) and mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq) were performed for comprehensive analysis.
• Key inflammatory mediators (cytokines, NO, ROS) and protein expressions (p-P65/P65, COX-2, iNOS) were quantified.

Main Results:

• MV significantly reduced lung inflammation in asthmatic mice and inflammatory responses in LPS-treated cells.
• MV downregulated miR-21-5p expression and upregulated SPRY1 expression, identified as a direct target.
• miR-21-5p/SPRY1 manipulation experiments confirmed their critical role in mediating MV's anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusions:

• Mogroside V exerts significant anti-inflammatory effects both *in vitro* and *in vivo*.
• The anti-inflammation mechanism involves the downregulation of miR-21-5p and subsequent upregulation of SPRY1.
• The miR-21-5p/SPRY1 pathway represents a potential therapeutic target for Mogroside V in treating inflammatory conditions.