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A lumped-parameter model of the free-flooded ring transducer array.

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  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea.

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This study analyzes free-flooded ring (FFR) transducer arrays for underwater acoustics. Wider gaps between FFR elements enhance operating bandwidth and reduce negative conductance, improving array performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Underwater acoustics
  • Acoustic transducer technology
  • Piezoelectric devices

Background:

  • Free-flooded ring (FFR) transducers are vital for underwater applications due to their wide bandwidth and compact size.
  • Single FFR transducers have limitations in achieving high sound pressure levels, necessitating the use of transducer arrays.
  • Understanding array characteristics, including mutual radiation and inter-element spacing, is crucial for optimizing performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze the electrical and acoustic characteristics of vertically arranged FFR transducer arrays.
  • To develop a model that accounts for mutual radiation load and inter-ring gaps.
  • To provide insights for the effective design of FFR transducer arrays.

Main Methods:

  • Development of lumped-parameter models for piezoelectric rings, cavities, gaps, and radiation impedance.
  • Calculation of the radiation impedance matrix using the Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral formula.
  • Analysis of a four-FFR transducer array to investigate the impact of gap size.

Main Results:

  • The proposed model accurately predicts resonance peaks (within 5% error) and Transmitted Voltage Response (TVR) levels (within 3 dB).
  • Wider gaps between FFR elements decrease the likelihood of negative conductance.
  • Increased gap width broadens the operating bandwidth of the FFR transducer array.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides accurate predictions for FFR transducer array performance.
  • Optimizing the gap between FFR elements is key to enhancing array bandwidth and stability.
  • This research offers valuable guidance for the design and application of FFR transducer arrays in underwater systems.