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Related Concept Videos

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
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Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
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Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System01:28

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The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune system. It consists of a network of lymphoid organs, lymph, and lymphatic vessels that provide structural and functional support in safeguarding the body against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
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Tertiary lymphoid structures in autoimmune diseases.

Yuanji Dong1, Ting Wang2, Huaxiang Wu1

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|January 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) form in non-lymphoid tissues during chronic inflammation. This review explores TLS formation mechanisms and their therapeutic potential in autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
autoimmune diseasefibroblastsimmune cellspotential targettertiary lymphoid structures

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are organized lymphoid aggregations in non-lymphoid tissues.
  • TLSs commonly form in autoimmune diseases, chronic infections, and tumor microenvironments due to persistent inflammation.
  • The precise mechanisms driving TLS formation remain under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of how tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are initiated and maintained.
  • To discuss the role of local immune responses in TLS formation.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for TLSs in autoimmune diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on tertiary lymphoid structures.
  • Analysis of mechanisms governing TLS formation and maintenance.
  • Exploration of the link between uncontrolled immune responses and TLS development.

Main Results:

  • TLS formation is associated with chronic inflammation in various disease contexts.
  • The prognostic significance of TLSs differs between tumors (good) and autoimmune diseases (poor).
  • The relationship between TLSs and local immune dysregulation requires further elucidation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding TLS formation is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • TLSs represent a potential therapeutic target in autoimmune conditions.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex role of TLSs in disease pathogenesis.