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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

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MicroRNA Expression Profile in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Shraddha Mainali¹, Gaurav Nepal², Amy Webb³

¹Virginia Commonwealth University.

Research Square

|January 23, 2024

Summary

This pilot study identifies specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in extracellular vesicles as potential early blood biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Further research is needed to validate these findings in larger patient cohorts.

Keywords:

LVO acute ischemic stroke biomarker large vessel occlusion miR miRNA micro-RNA stroke biomarker

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2025

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Published on: February 12, 2016

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A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol for Stroke Onset Time Estimation in Permanent Cerebral Ischemia

A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol for Stroke Onset Time Estimation in Permanent Cerebral Ischemia

Published on: September 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biochemistry
Genetics

Background:

Acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO) presents a significant global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality.
Current diagnostic methods like neuroimaging are costly, limited in availability, and can cause delays, leading to missed treatment opportunities.
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as promising biomarkers due to their role in various pathophysiological processes relevant to stroke.

Approach:

A longitudinal prospective cohort study analyzed plasma extracellular vesicle (EV)-enriched miRNAs from acute large vessel occlusion (acLVO) stroke patients at multiple time points post-symptom onset (0-6h, 6-12h, 12-24h, 5-7d) and compared them to healthy controls.
EVs were isolated, and miRNA profiling was performed using the NanoString nCounter system.
A complementary scoping review examined the roles of specific miRNAs (e.g., miR-140-5p, miR-210-3p, miR-7-5p) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) pathophysiology and potential applications.

Key Points:

Three specific miRNAs (miR-7-5p, miR-140-5p, and miR-210-3p) showed significant differential expression within the first 6 hours of symptom onset in acLVO stroke patients compared to controls and later time points.
These differentially expressed miRNAs are associated with neuroprotection, cellular stress, and tissue damage, indicating their potential as early diagnostic markers for hyperacute stroke.
The study explored the utility of circulating exosome-enriched extracellular vesicle (EV) miRNAs as potential biomarkers for anterior circulation LVO (acLVO) stroke.

Conclusions:

Circulating miRNAs within EVs show potential as blood-based biomarkers for hyperacute acLVO ischemic stroke.
Further validation in larger, risk-matched cohorts is necessary to confirm these findings.
Future research should investigate the prognostic value of these miRNA profiles in relation to radiological and functional outcomes.