Evaluating avalglucosidase alfa for the management of late-onset Pompe disease

Glycogenosis type II (GSDII) is a rare autosomal disorder that is caused by the deficiency of alpha-glucosidase, a lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyzes glycogen to glucose. Autophagy dysregulation plays a critical role. Importantly, since 2006, both patients with infantile (classic Pompe disease) and adult GSDII (late-onset Pompe disease or LOPD) have been treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). To support this use, several double-blind and observational studies including large cohorts of GSDII patients have been undertaken and have shown ERT to be effective in modifying the natural course of disease. Indeed, most LOPD cases improve in the first 20 months of treatment in a six-minute walk test (6MWT), while those who are untreated do not; instead, their response declines over time.

The author reviews avalglucosidase alpha, a therapy approved by both the FDA and European regulatory agencies. Herein, the author considers the pathophysiological approaches such as the role of enzyme entry, autophagy, and the response to ERT treatment of motor and respiratory components.

There has been a notable drive toward the research of various aspects of this disease regarding the role of new enzyme penetration and immune adverse events. Consequently, avalglucosidase alpha might be a further step forward.