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Psychology is the scientific discipline dedicated to understanding both observable behavior and the internal mental processes underlying such behavior. It aims to comprehend human nature and apply this understanding to solve practical problems, enhance well-being, and improve societal outcomes. An example of psychology's application is the study of prosocial behavior, such as why and under what conditions individuals might help strangers in need. This process involves describing observed...
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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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Occupational therapy's oversight: How science veiled our humanity.

Heleen Reid1, Clare Hocking1, Elizabeth Smythe1

  • 1School of Clinical Sciences, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand.

Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy
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Occupational therapy

Keywords:
Occupational therapybeingepistemologyexistentialhistoryonticontologyscience

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Area of Science:

  • Explores the historical influence of positivist science on occupational therapy.
  • Examines the evolution of scientific thought within the profession.

Background:

  • Occupational therapy's roots are linked to positivist science, drawing from fields like physics and psychology.
  • Objective knowledge from science offers a foundation for practice but doesn't fully capture the human experience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To trace the history of scientific approaches in occupational therapy.
  • To highlight the obscured subjective and ontological aspects of daily activities.

Main Methods:

  • Employs a history of ideas methodology.
  • Analyzes historical writings from 1800 to the 1980s to understand perceptions of people and practice.

Main Results:

  • Reveals a historical trend of categorizing and delimiting individuals within occupational therapy.
  • Demonstrates a systematic control of practice, leading to a more theoretical and abstract professional realm.

Conclusions:

  • The historical emphasis on objectivity has overshadowed the subjective experience central to human practice.
  • Re-evaluating the role of subjective experience is crucial for a holistic understanding of occupational therapy.