Ocular Involvement in Graft-versus-Host Disease.

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Immunology
• Hematology

Background:

• Ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an inflammatory condition affecting the eye's surface post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
• Donor-derived, self-reactive T cells are the primary cause of ocular GVHD.
• This condition significantly impacts patient quality of life, causing pain, photophobia, and vision loss.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of ocular GVHD.
• To detail diagnostic findings, therapeutic interventions, and management strategies.
• To discuss the appropriate handling of complications associated with ocular GVHD.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of ocular GVHD.
• Synthesis of information on ophthalmological findings.
• Compilation of data on therapeutic and management approaches.

Main Results:

• Ocular GVHD presents with wetting disorders, conjunctival hyperemia, and corneal issues, potentially leading to perforation.
• Symptoms include significant pain, photophobia, and reduced visual acuity.
• A range of treatments, including topical and systemic therapies, alongside supportive measures like scleral lenses and punctum plugs, are available.

Conclusions:

• Ocular GVHD is a serious complication of stem cell transplantation requiring multidisciplinary management.
• Early recognition of ophthalmological findings is crucial for timely intervention.
• Effective management involves a combination of medical, surgical, and supportive care to mitigate symptoms and prevent vision loss.