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Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
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Gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic studies are pivotal in confirming, ruling out, diagnosing, or staging various diseases, including cancers. Following diagnosis, allocating time for discussions with the patient and providing informational resources is crucial. Diagnostic assessments of the GI tract often occur in outpatient settings like endoscopy suites or GI labs. Preparation for these tests may include dietary restrictions, fasting, liquid bowel preparations, laxatives, enemas, and the...
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Assessing the gastrointestinal (GI) system is a complex process that begins with collecting subjective data. This data, collected through patient interviews, provides crucial insights into the patient's health history, perception patterns, and lifestyle habits, all contributing significantly to GI health.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease by Immunostaining Rectal Suction Biopsies for Calretinin, S100 Protein and Protein Gene Product 9.5
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Gastrointestinal bleeding in children: diagnostic approach.

Marisa Piccirillo1, Valentina Pucinischi1, Maurizio Mennini1

  • 1NESMOS Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Pediatric Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Via Di Grottarossa1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.

Italian Journal of Pediatrics
|January 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) affects 6.4% of children, often resolving spontaneously. A systematic diagnostic approach, prioritizing hemodynamic stabilization, is crucial for effective management and prognosis in pediatric GIB cases.

Keywords:
Abdominal CTAbdominal USEndoscopyGastrointestinal bleedingHematemesisHematocheziaMRMelenaPediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in children has a prevalence of 6.4%, with most cases resolving without intervention.
  • The initial management strategy significantly impacts the prognosis of pediatric GIB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review conditions causing GIB in pediatric patients.
  • To outline age- and presentation-specific diagnostic pathways for GIB in children.
  • To aid pediatricians in clinical decision-making for GIB.

Main Methods:

  • Nonsystematic literature review.
  • Analysis of diagnostic modalities including endoscopy, imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI).
  • Assessment of procedure advantages and limitations in pediatric GIB scenarios.

Main Results:

  • GIB in children can stem from diverse upper or lower gastrointestinal tract conditions, ranging from benign to severe.
  • Diagnostic approaches vary based on patient age, bleeding site, and bleeding type.
  • Endoscopic and imaging techniques have specific roles, benefits, and drawbacks in diagnosing pediatric GIB.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of pediatric GIB requires prompt hemodynamic stabilization and a structured diagnostic workup.
  • Understanding the differential diagnosis and appropriate use of diagnostic tools is essential for optimal outcomes.
  • This review provides a framework for pediatricians to navigate the complexities of diagnosing GIB in children.