Association between the systemic immune inflammation index and periodontitis: a cross-sectional study

Area of Science:

• Oral Health
• Inflammatory Diseases
• Public Health

Background:

• Periodontitis is a prevalent chronic oral inflammatory disease impacting quality of life.
• Understanding systemic markers associated with periodontitis is crucial for early detection and management.
• The systemic immune inflammation index (SII) is a potential indicator of systemic inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the correlation between the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and periodontitis in a US adult population.
• To establish a reference for early identification and management strategies for periodontitis.
• To analyze the association of SII with periodontitis across different age groups.

Main Methods:

• Utilized data from a national periodontitis surveillance project (2009-2014) including 10,366 US adults.
• Employed univariate and multivariate weighted logistic regression analyses to assess the SII-periodontitis correlation.
• Conducted sensitivity analyses to ensure the robustness of the study findings.

Main Results:

• A positive association was observed between a high SII (>978 × 10^9/L) and periodontitis prevalence.
• Adults aged 50 and older with a high SII demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with periodontitis (OR=1.409, P=0.022).
• No significant statistical difference in SII-periodontitis correlation was found in adults aged 30-50.

Conclusions:

• The systemic immune inflammation index (SII) is associated with periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of US adults.
• A high SII is significantly linked to an increased risk of periodontitis, particularly in individuals aged 50 and older.
• These findings support the use of SII as a potential biomarker for periodontitis risk assessment in older adults.