High-Performance Monolithic 3D Integrated Complementary Inverters Based on Monolayer n-MoS₂ and p-WSe₂

Herein, the structure of integrated M3D inverters are successfully demonstrated where a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesized monolayer WSe₂ p-type nanosheet FET is vertically integrated on top of CVD synthesized monolayer MoS₂ n-type film FET arrays (2.5 × 2.5 cm) by semiconductor industry techniques, such as transfer, e-beam evaporation (EBV), and plasma etching processes. A low temperature (below 250 °C) is employed to protect the WSe₂ and MoS₂ channel materials from thermal decomposition during the whole fabrication process. The MoS₂ NMOS and WSe₂ PMOS device fabricated show an on/off current ratio exceeding 10⁶ and the integrated M3D inverters indicate an average voltage gain of ≈9 at V_DD = 2 V. In addition, the integrated M3D inverter demonstrates an ultra-low power consumption of 0.112 nW at a V_DD of 1 V. Statistical analysis of the fabricated inverters devices shows their high reliability, rendering them suitable for large-area applications. The successful demonstration of M3D inverters based on large-scale 2D monolayer TMDs indicate their high potential for advancing the application of 2D TMDs in future integrated circuits.