Engineered nanodrug targeting oxidative stress for treatment of acute kidney injury
Liwen Li1, Yining Shen1, Zhongmin Tang2
1Department of Ultrasound in Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in renal function, and is associated with a high risk of death. Many pathological changes happen in the process of AKI, including crucial alterations to oxidative stress levels. Numerous efforts have thus been made to develop effective medicines to scavenge excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, researchers have encountered several significant challenges, including unspecific biodistribution, high biotoxicity, and in vivo instability. To address these problems, engineered nanoparticles have been developed to target oxidative stress and treat AKI. This review thoroughly discusses the methods that empower nanodrugs to specifically target the glomerular filtration barrier and presents the latest achievements in engineering novel ROS-scavenging nanodrugs in clustered sections. The analysis of each study's breakthroughs and imperfections visualizes the progress made in developing effective nanodrugs with specific biodistribution and oxidative stress-targeting capabilities. This review fills the blank of a comprehensive outline over current progress in applying nanotechnology to treat AKI, providing potential insights for further research.
Insights
Engineered nanoparticles offer a promising solution for treating acute kidney injury (AKI) by targeting oxidative stress. This review details advancements in nanodrugs designed for specific biodistribution and ROS scavenging in AKI treatment.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Nanotechnology
- Nephrology
Background:
- Acute kidney injury (AKI) involves rapid renal function decline and high mortality.
- Oxidative stress, marked by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a key pathological feature of AKI.
- Current ROS scavengers face challenges like poor biodistribution, toxicity, and instability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review methods for engineering nanodrugs targeting the glomerular filtration barrier in AKI.
- To present recent advancements in novel ROS-scavenging nanodrugs for AKI.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of nanotechnology applications in AKI treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of studies on nanodrugs designed for AKI treatment.
- Analysis of strategies for targeting the glomerular filtration barrier.
- Evaluation of ROS-scavenging capabilities and in vivo performance of nanodrugs.
Main Results:
- Engineered nanoparticles show potential for targeted AKI therapy.
- Nanodrugs can be designed for specific biodistribution and ROS scavenging.
- Progress has been made in overcoming limitations of previous treatments.
Conclusions:
- Nanotechnology offers a promising avenue for developing effective AKI treatments.
- Targeted nanodrugs can address challenges associated with ROS scavenging in AKI.
- Further research insights are provided for advancing nanomedicine in AKI care.
