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GADD45A: With or without you.
Xavier Palomer1,2,3,4, Jesús M Salvador5, Christian Griñán-Ferré1,6,7
1Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Medicinal Research Reviews
|January 24, 2024
Summary
Growth arrest and DNA damage inducible 45A (GADD45A) regulates cellular stress responses and acts as a tumor suppressor. Its dysregulation is implicated in metabolic, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- The Growth Arrest and DNA Damage inducible (GADD)45 family comprises GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G proteins.
- GADD45A is a key regulator of cellular processes involved in stress signaling and injury response.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of the literature on GADD45A.
- To explore GADD45A's regulatory mechanisms, role in cancer, and involvement in various diseases.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating GADD45A.
- Analysis of transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational regulation of GADD45A.
- Examination of GADD45A's roles in cell cycle, DNA repair, apoptosis, metabolism, and disease progression.
Main Results:
- GADD45A levels are modulated by diverse stressors through complex regulatory mechanisms.
- GADD45A functions as a tumor suppressor by influencing cell cycle, DNA repair, and apoptosis.
- GADD45A impacts metabolic pathways, acts as a transcriptional coregulator, and plays a cytoprotective role against inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress.
Conclusions:
- GADD45A is a critical protein with multifaceted roles beyond its known functions in cancer.
- Dysregulation of GADD45A contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and autoimmune disorders.
- Further research into GADD45A mechanisms is crucial for understanding and potentially treating these diseases.
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