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Nanoceria Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Nanodrug: Cellular and Molecular Mechanism of Action
Natalia Cristina Gomes-da-Silva1, Luana Barbosa Correa1,2,3, M MartInez Gonzalez1
1Laboratory of Nanoradiopharmacy and Synthesis of New Radiopharmaceuticals, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Nuclear Engineering Institute, Rio de Janeiro, 21941906, RJ, Brazil.
Introduction:
Nanoceria is a well-known nanomaterial with various properties, including antioxidant, proangiogenic, and therapeutic effects. Despite its potential, there are still aspects that require further exploration, particularly its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.
Methods:
The global demand for novel anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs underscores the significance of understanding nanoceria in both contexts. In this study, we evaluated the effect of nanoceria on macrophage polarization to better understand its anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, we investigated the mechanism of action of nanoceria against Cryptococcus neoformans (ATCC 32045), Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019), Candida krusei (ATCC 6258), and Candida albicans.
Results:
The results demonstrated that nanoceria can polarize macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory profile, revealing the cellular mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory response. Concerning the antimicrobial effect, it was observed that nanoceria have a more pronounced impact on Candida parapsilosis, leading to the formation of pronounced pores on the surface of this species.
Conclusion:
Finally, biochemical analysis revealed transitory alterations, mainly in liver enzymes. The data support the use of nanoceria as a potential anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drug and elucidate some of the mechanisms involved, shedding light on the properties of this nanodrug.
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