Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Formation of Species01:31

Formation of Species

39.3K
Speciation describes the formation of one or more new species from one or sometimes multiple original species. The resulting species are discrete from the parent species, and barriers to reproduction will typically exist. There are two primary mechanisms, speciation with and without geographic isolation—allopatric and sympatric speciation, respectively.
39.3K
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

75.6K
During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
75.6K
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

23.3K
Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
23.3K
Polytene Chromosomes02:04

Polytene Chromosomes

10.0K
Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also...
10.0K
Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

21.5K
Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
21.5K
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

1.8K
Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
1.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Systems-level proteomic models of cotton fiber development: a high-resolution data resource to analyze cell dynamics and trait engineering.

Plant physiology·2026
Same author

The Effects of Rapid Mitochondrial Gene Loss on Organellar Proteomes.

Genome biology and evolution·2026
Same author

Harnessing polyploidy for climate-resilient crops: Lessons from the evolutionary model, allotetraploid cotton.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Genomic diversity and the domestication history of cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>).

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Population Genomics Informs Conservation Strategies for Critically Endangered <i>Kokia</i> Species in Hawai'i.

Ecology and evolution·2026
Same author

Silene, a versatile model system: from sex and genome evolution to ecology and speciation.

The New phytologist·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

11.0K

Polyploid plants take cytonuclear perturbations in stride.

Daniel B Sloan1, Justin L Conover2,3, Corrinne E Grover4

  • 1Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.

The Plant Cell
|January 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Allopolyploidy in plants rarely disrupts nuclear-organellar genome interactions due to inherent robustness. This explains why allopolyploidy is common in plant evolution, as it seldom acts as a major barrier.

More Related Videos

Ploidy Manipulation of Zebrafish Embryos with Heat Shock 2 Treatment
11:19

Ploidy Manipulation of Zebrafish Embryos with Heat Shock 2 Treatment

Published on: December 16, 2016

10.0K
Establishment of Proliferative Tetraploid Cells from Nontransformed Human Fibroblasts
10:04

Establishment of Proliferative Tetraploid Cells from Nontransformed Human Fibroblasts

Published on: January 8, 2017

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2025

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

11.0K
Ploidy Manipulation of Zebrafish Embryos with Heat Shock 2 Treatment
11:19

Ploidy Manipulation of Zebrafish Embryos with Heat Shock 2 Treatment

Published on: December 16, 2016

10.0K
Establishment of Proliferative Tetraploid Cells from Nontransformed Human Fibroblasts
10:04

Establishment of Proliferative Tetraploid Cells from Nontransformed Human Fibroblasts

Published on: January 8, 2017

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Plant evolutionary biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular evolution

Background:

  • Hybridization followed by genome doubling (allopolyploidy) can disrupt nuclear-organellar genome interactions.
  • Imbalances in genome copy number and genetic incompatibilities are hypothesized consequences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary responses to cytonuclear genome imbalances in allopolyploids.
  • To understand why allopolyploidy is pervasive in plant evolution despite potential genetic conflicts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on plant allopolyploidy and cytonuclear interactions.
  • Analysis of predicted evolutionary responses versus observed inconsistencies.

Main Results:

  • Evolutionary responses to cytonuclear perturbations are often inconsistent and not genome-wide.
  • Robustness may stem from features like disomic inheritance and slow organellar genome divergence.
  • Preexisting regulatory responses to cell size and endopolyploidy also contribute.

Conclusions:

  • Cytonuclear interactions are surprisingly robust to allopolyploidy in plants.
  • These interactions rarely act as the primary barrier to the establishment of new allopolyploid lineages.
  • This robustness contributes to the widespread success of allopolyploidy in plant evolution.