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Methionine toxicosis in cats.

Y Maede, T Hoshino, M Inaba

    American Journal of Veterinary Research
    |February 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary

    Excessive methionine intake in cats can cause hemolytic anemia by increasing methemoglobin (MetHb) and Heinz bodies. Cats may adapt over time, but a metabolite, not methionine itself, appears responsible for red blood cell damage.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Toxicology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • DL-methionine is an essential amino acid commonly supplemented in animal diets.
    • High doses of methionine have been anecdotally linked to adverse effects in cats.
    • Understanding the mechanism of methionine toxicity is crucial for feline health.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of DL-methionine supplementation on feline red blood cells.
    • To determine the role of methionine and its metabolites in inducing oxidative stress in cats.
    • To elucidate the mechanism behind methionine-induced hemolytic anemia.

    Main Methods:

    • Cats were administered varying doses of DL-methionine (0.5 g/kg and 1 g/kg).
    • Hematological parameters, including methemoglobin (MetHb) concentration and Heinz body formation, were monitored.
    • In vitro studies incubated feline red blood cells (RBCs) with methionine, its metabolite 3-methylthiopropionate, and plasma from supplemented cats.

    Main Results:

    • High-dose methionine (1 g/kg) induced severe hemolytic anemia, methemoglobinemia, and Heinz body formation within 6-10 days.
    • Lower doses (0.5 g/kg) caused moderate anemia and methemoglobinemia, with cats showing signs of adaptation and recovery.
    • In vitro, 3-methylthiopropionate, but not methionine, significantly increased MetHb and Heinz bodies in RBCs, suggesting it as the causative agent.

    Conclusions:

    • Excessive methionine intake can lead to significant oxidative damage to feline red blood cells.
    • A metabolite of methionine, likely 3-methylthiopropionate, is the direct cause of methemoglobin formation and Heinz body development.
    • Feline adaptation to methionine toxicity is possible, but the underlying mechanism involves oxidative stress mediated by a methionine catabolite.

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