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Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Lombardy, Italy.

Alessandra Gaffuri, Davide Sassera, Mattia Calzolari

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
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    Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) has been detected in northwest Italy. A chamois and a man in Lombardy showed clinical signs, with evidence of viral circulation in the region.

    Keywords:
    EuropeItalyIxodes ricinusTBETBEVTick-borne encephalitischamoisclinical caseserological surveytick-borne encephalitis virusticksvector-borne infectionsviruses

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary neurology
    • Infectious diseases epidemiology
    • Arbovirology

    Background:

    • Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a significant human and animal pathogen.
    • TBEV endemicity in Italy was previously considered restricted to northeastern areas.
    • The ecological and geographical distribution of TBEV requires ongoing surveillance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To report the first evidence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Lombardy, a northwestern region of Italy.
    • To document a TBEV-infected chamois and a symptomatic human case in this area.
    • To investigate the presence and circulation of TBEV in a previously non-endemic region.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical observation of a chamois with neurological signs.
    • Collection and testing of ticks from the affected chamois for TBEV.
    • Clinical assessment and serological testing of a human patient presenting with compatible symptoms.
    • Serological analysis to detect TBEV antibodies in the local animal population.

    Main Results:

    • A chamois in Lombardy exhibited clinical signs consistent with TBEV infection and had multiple virus-positive ticks.
    • A human resident of the same area presented with symptoms suggestive of TBEV.
    • Serological evidence confirmed the circulation of TBEV in the Lombardy region.
    • This finding expands the known geographical range of TBEV in Italy.

    Conclusions:

    • The geographical distribution of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Italy extends to the northwestern region of Lombardy.
    • The detection of TBEV in a chamois, ticks, and a human case highlights the potential for enzootic and epidemic transmission.
    • Enhanced surveillance for TBEV is warranted in newly identified areas to understand transmission dynamics and inform public health strategies.