Clinical Features of Paediatric Inflammatory Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita: A Case Series Study

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) rarely develops in childhood. This study retrospectively recruited paediatric patients with EBA (age ≤ 16 years), diagnosed by clinical and histopathological features and results of immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reviews their clinical manifestations, histopathology, immunological features, and responses to various treatments. All 7 included patients presented with inflammatory EBA. Among them, 3 had a bullous pemphigoid-like phenotype. Pathologically, in addition to dermal-epidermal blistering, in all patients, the distribution of neutrophils was superficial perivascular or interstitial, or in the dermal papilla. Mixed neutrophils and eosinophils were detected in 2 of the 3 patients with bullous pemphigoid-like phenotypes. In addition to treatment with glucocorticoids, dapsone was administered in 4 patients, while thalidomide and sulfasalazine were administered in 1 patient. All patients responded to the these therapies. Relapse was mainly due to reduction and cessation of glucocorticoids. In conclusion, EBA in childhood may be unique, and thus distinct from its adult counterpart. Specific treatment and follow-up protocols are required for therapy of this rare autoimmune skin disease in children.