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Self-control signals and affords power.

Shuang Wu1, Rachel Smallman2, Pamela K Smith1

  • 1Rady School of Management, University of California, San Diego.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|January 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Individuals with high self-control are perceived as more powerful and are given more power. This finding holds across various conditions, highlighting the link between self-control, competence, and power.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Organizational Behavior

Background:

  • Divergent theories exist on whether high or low self-control is associated with power.
  • Low self-control may imply disinhibition, linked to power.
  • High self-control may imply agency, also linked to power.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether individuals with high or low self-control are perceived as more powerful.
  • To explore the psychological mechanisms underlying power perception and conferral.
  • To resolve theoretical debates in the power literature.

Main Methods:

  • Seven empirical studies were conducted to examine the relationship between self-control and power.
  • Behavioral observations, goal-setting scenarios, and meta-analysis of mediation results were employed.
  • Perceptions of assertiveness, competence, and power conferral were measured.

Main Results:

  • Individuals exhibiting high self-control were consistently perceived as more powerful and were given more power.
  • This effect persisted regardless of the speed of action or the specific goals pursued.
  • Perceived competence and assertiveness mediated the relationship between self-control and power.

Conclusions:

  • High self-control, not low self-control, is associated with greater power perception and conferral.
  • Perceived competence is a key mediator in how self-control influences power.
  • Findings offer practical insights for goal setting and understanding power dynamics.