Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Allosteric Regulation01:08

Allosteric Regulation

58.0K
Allosteric regulation of enzymes occurs when the binding of an effector molecule to a site that is different from the active site causes a change in the enzymatic activity. This alternate site is called an allosteric site, and an enzyme can contain more than one of these sites. Allosteric regulation can either be positive or negative, resulting in an increase or decrease in enzyme activity. Most enzymes that display allosteric regulation are metabolic enzymes involved in the degradation or...
58.0K
Allosteric Proteins-ATCase01:19

Allosteric Proteins-ATCase

5.7K
Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function.  For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism where the end product of the biochemical process serves as an inhibitor.
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of L-aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to  N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. This reaction is the first step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. UTP and CTP, the end products of the pyrimidine synthesis...
5.7K
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

9.4K
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
9.4K
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

2.3K
2.3K
Ligand Binding and Linkage00:49

Ligand Binding and Linkage

4.8K
Allosteric proteins have more than one ligand binding site; the binding of a ligand to any of these sites influences the binding of ligands to the other sites. When a protein is allosteric, its binding sites are called coupled or linked.  In the case of enzymes, the site that binds to the substrate is known as the active site and the other site is known as the regulatory site. When a ligand binds to the regulatory site, this leads to conformational changes in the protein that can influence...
4.8K
Spare Receptors01:30

Spare Receptors

3.6K
Some receptors remain unoccupied even when an agonist produces a maximal response. Such empty ones are called spare receptors. In presence of spare receptors the maximum effect of an agonist drug is achieved with fewer than 100% of the receptors being occupied. To determine the presence of spare receptors, scientists often compare the concentration of the drug needed to produce 50% of the maximum effect (EC50) with the concentration of the drug needed to occupy 50% of the receptors (Kd). If the...
3.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chemical-induced colitis lowers mitochondrial bioenergetic function in colonic tissue with minimal impacts on the proteome.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Multiomics Profiling During Autoimmune Demyelination Highlights a Complex Regulatory Role for Ataxin-1 in B Cells.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·2026
Same author

Mapping the TAR vRNA Interaction with HIV-1 Integrase.

Viruses·2026
Same author

Mapping the vRNA Interaction with HIV-1 Integrase.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Mechanochemical Decoupling of ATP Hydrolysis and RNA Translocation in SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 by the L405D Mutation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Human monoclonal and polyclonal anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: variable mechanisms of inhibition.

Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation
08:00

Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation

Published on: October 4, 2024

574

What is allosteric regulation? Exploring the exceptions that prove the rule!

Martin McCullagh1, Tonya N Zeczycki2, Chathuri S Kariyawasam3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|January 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Allosteric regulation involves two distinct ligand-binding sites on a macromolecule, forming a four-state energy cycle. This study clarifies the thermodynamic definition of allosteric regulation by analyzing literature examples and contrasting it with other models.

Keywords:
DNA–protein interactionallosteric regulationantibodymolecular modelingstructure–function

More Related Videos

A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators
07:41

A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators

Published on: February 20, 2018

8.9K
Author Spotlight: Developing Tools to Tune the Activity of Tyrosine Phosphatases
06:56

Author Spotlight: Developing Tools to Tune the Activity of Tyrosine Phosphatases

Published on: September 6, 2024

377

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation
08:00

Spatiotemporal Control of Protein Activity through Optogenetic Allosteric Regulation

Published on: October 4, 2024

574
A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators
07:41

A Kinetic Fluorescence-based Ca2+ Mobilization Assay to Identify G Protein-coupled Receptor Agonists, Antagonists, and Allosteric Modulators

Published on: February 20, 2018

8.9K
Author Spotlight: Developing Tools to Tune the Activity of Tyrosine Phosphatases
06:56

Author Spotlight: Developing Tools to Tune the Activity of Tyrosine Phosphatases

Published on: September 6, 2024

377

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The term "allosteric" was originally defined as a distinct binding site from the active site, influencing molecular regulation.
  • Allosteric regulation traditionally involves two ligand-binding events at separate sites on a macromolecule, forming a four-state energy cycle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate literature examples of allosteric regulation against the established two-ligand thermodynamic energy cycle definition.
  • To promote consistent terminology in the study of allosteric systems for improved comparability.
  • To differentiate true allosteric regulation from other proposed mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of experimental data.
  • Thermodynamic modeling of ligand-binding events.
  • Comparison of energy cycle models with two-state models and Rube-Goldberg-like mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Identified inconsistencies between various reported "allosteric" phenomena and the strict thermodynamic energy cycle definition.
  • Highlighted the quantitative nature of the allosteric coupling constant within the four-state energy cycle.
  • Demonstrated that complex, multi-step "Rube-Goldberg-like" mechanisms are likely not consistent with the energy cycle definition.

Conclusions:

  • A precise, energy cycle-based definition of allosteric regulation is crucial for scientific clarity.
  • Distinguishing between the strict thermodynamic definition and broader interpretations of allosteric effects is necessary.
  • Future research should adhere to consistent definitions to advance the understanding of allosteric mechanisms.