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The association between iris color and refractive errors in children.

Mehrdad Ebrahimi1, Anneh Mohammad Gharravi2, Roqayeh Aliyari3

  • 1Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.

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|January 25, 2024
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Summary

Children with amber irises have a significantly higher chance of developing myopia. This finding suggests closer monitoring for these children and warrants further research into iris color and vision development.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Ophthalmology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Refractive errors like myopia and hyperopia are significant global health concerns in children.
  • Iris color, a genetically influenced trait, has been anecdotally linked to vision conditions, but robust evidence is limited.
  • Understanding potential associations can aid in early detection and intervention strategies for childhood vision impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between various iris colors and the prevalence of myopia and hyperopia in children aged 6-12 years.
  • To identify specific iris color phenotypes that may correlate with an increased risk of refractive errors.
  • To provide data that could inform targeted screening programs for at-risk children.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study utilizing data from the Shahroud Schoolchildren Eye Cohort Study.
  • Iris color was categorized using standardized close-up images.
  • Myopia and hyperopia were defined based on cycloplegic refraction spherical equivalent (SE) values.
  • Multiple logistic regression models were employed, adjusting for relevant covariates like age, sex, residence, and visual activity.

Main Results:

  • The study included 5394 children with a mean age of 9.7 years; myopia prevalence was 4.8% and hyperopia was 4.7%.
  • Amber iris color showed a statistically significant association with higher odds of myopia (Odds Ratio = 4.8, 95% CI: 1.2-18.7) compared to dark brown irises.
  • No significant associations were found between iris color and hyperopia.

Conclusions:

  • Amber iris color is a potential risk factor associated with an increased likelihood of myopia in children.
  • Children with amber irises may benefit from closer ophthalmological monitoring and regular eye examinations.
  • Further research with larger sample sizes across diverse populations and iris colors is recommended to confirm these findings.