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Ribosome profiling: a powerful tool in oncological research
Dan Su1,2,3, Chen Ding1,3, Jiangdong Qiu1,2,3
1General Surgery Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P.R. China.
Abstract:
Neoplastic cells need to adapt their gene expression pattern to survive in an ever-changing or unfavorable tumor microenvironment. Protein synthesis (or mRNA translation), an essential part of gene expression, is dysregulated in cancer. The emergence of distinct translatomic technologies has revolutionized oncological studies to elucidate translational regulatory mechanisms. Ribosome profiling can provide adequate information on diverse aspects of translation by aiding in quantitatively analyzing the intensity of translating ribosome-protected fragments. Here, we review the primary currently used translatomics techniques and highlight their advantages and disadvantages as tools for translatomics studies. Subsequently, we clarified the areas in which ribosome profiling could be applied to better understand translational control. Finally, we summarized the latest advances in cancer studies using ribosome profiling to highlight the extensive application of this powerful and promising translatomic tool.
Insights
Cancer cells adapt gene expression via altered protein synthesis (mRNA translation). Ribosome profiling, a key translatomic technology, quantifies translation, offering insights into cancer
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Neoplastic cells require gene expression adaptation for survival in the tumor microenvironment.
- Protein synthesis (mRNA translation) is a critical gene expression component frequently dysregulated in cancer.
- Emerging translatomic technologies enable detailed study of translational regulation in oncology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current translatomic techniques for studying cancer.
- To highlight the advantages and disadvantages of various translatomic tools.
- To elucidate the applications of ribosome profiling in understanding translational control in cancer.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing translatomic technologies.
- Quantitative analysis of ribosome-protected fragments using ribosome profiling.
- Summary of recent cancer research employing ribosome profiling.
Main Results:
- Ribosome profiling provides quantitative insights into mRNA translation intensity.
- The review details the strengths and limitations of different translatomic methods.
- Recent studies demonstrate ribosome profiling's utility in cancer research.
Conclusions:
- Ribosome profiling is a powerful tool for investigating translational regulation in cancer.
- Understanding translational control is crucial for developing novel cancer therapies.
- Translatomic approaches, particularly ribosome profiling, are advancing oncological studies.
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