Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Solvents01:12

Solvents

64.5K
A solvent is a substance, most often a liquid, that can dissolve other substances. Here, the substance being dissolved is called a solute. When a solvent and a solute combine, they form a solution - a homogenous mixture of both the solvent and the solute. Water is a universal biological solvent. Its polar structure allows it to dissolve many other polar compounds. The ability of water to dissolve is governed by a balance between water molecules binding to each other and binding to the solute.
A...
64.5K
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

63.2K
Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.
63.2K
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

17.1K
Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
17.1K
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

22.4K
For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
22.4K
Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility02:34

Comparing Intermolecular Forces: Melting Point, Boiling Point, and Miscibility

44.3K
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, and solubilities (miscibilities) of substances. Molar mass, molecular shape, and polarity affect the strength of different intermolecular forces, which influence the magnitude of physical properties across a family of molecules.
Temporary attractive forces like dispersion are present in all molecules, whether they are polar or nonpolar. They...
44.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Experimental astrochemistry and machine learning unravel the formation of oxygen-bearing organic molecules in extraterrestrial ices.

Communications chemistry·2026
Same author

Origin of sulfur allotropes on the carbonaceous asteroid Ryugu and implications to the sulfur chemistry in the interstellar medium.

Science advances·2026
Same author

State-selective rate constants of the self-reaction NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> + NH<sub>3</sub>: a combined experimental and theoretical study.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Habituation to Elevated Glucose Levels in Type 1 Diabetes: Function and Well-Being in Guideline-Based Versus Typical Glycemic Range.

Diabetes care·2026
Same author

Intersectional inequalities in somatic symptom severity: A trans-diagnostic MAIHDA analysis of SOMACROSS data.

Journal of psychosomatic research·2026
Same author

Non-equilibrium formation of the elusive dibridged diboranyl (B<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>) radical and boranes in low-temperature diborane ices.

Chemical science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

13.0K

Hypergolic ionic liquids: to be or not to be?

Souvick Biswas1, Kazuumi Fujioka1, Ivan Antonov1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa Honolulu Hawaii 96822 USA ruisun@hawaii.edu ralfk@hawaii.edu.

Chemical Science
|January 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Hypergolic ionic liquids require oxygen for ignition, challenging their

More Related Videos

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.1K
Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
06:31

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

Published on: November 27, 2015

9.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

13.0K
From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

69.1K
Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators
06:31

Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,6-Ketoesters Mediated by Ionic Liquids: A Three-component Reaction Enabling Rapid Access to a New Class of Low Molecular Weight Gelators

Published on: November 27, 2015

9.6K

Area of Science:

  • Space propulsion
  • Green propellants
  • Ionic liquids chemistry

Background:

  • Hypergolic ionic liquids (HIL) are explored as green space propellants.
  • The [EMIM][CBH]-WFNA system was considered a benchmark hypergolic HIL.
  • Previous assessments relied on standard protocols for hypergolicity determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To rigorously investigate the hypergolicity of the [EMIM][CBH]-WFNA system.
  • To elucidate the fundamental chemical mechanisms governing hypergolic ignition.
  • To re-evaluate the criteria for defining hypergolic ionic liquids.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a chirped-pulse droplet-merging technique in ultrasonic levitation.
  • Performed advanced electronic structure calculations.
  • Investigated the role of molecular oxygen in the ignition process.

Main Results:

  • Spontaneous ignition of [EMIM][CBH]-WFNA requires molecular oxygen.
  • Identified the BOFA radical anion as a key intermediate in oxygen-driven oxidation.
  • Demonstrated that standard test protocols may misinterpret hypergolic behavior.

Conclusions:

  • The hypergolicity of [EMIM][CBH]-WFNA is contingent on oxygen presence.
  • Molecular-level understanding necessitates oxygen-free ignition delay measurements.
  • Revising hypergolicity assessment protocols is crucial for accurate ionic liquid classification.