Allergic interstitial nephritis due to diazepam

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

• Chronic renal failure (CRF) management requires careful medication review.
• Drug-induced kidney injury is a significant concern in patients with pre-existing renal conditions.

Observation:

• A 56-year-old male patient with CRF experienced acute kidney injury.
• The patient had recently been administered diazepam.

Findings:

• The patient developed allergic interstitial nephritis (AIN) and worsening of CRF.
• Discontinuation of diazepam led to recovery of kidney function to baseline.
• Symptoms including itching, eosinophilia, and eosinophiluria resolved after diazepam withdrawal.

Implications:

• Diazepam is a potential cause of AIN in susceptible individuals.
• Clinicians should consider diazepam as a potential etiological factor in drug-induced AIN.
• This case highlights the importance of medication history in managing renal function decline.