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Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Murine Kidney Transplant Technique
08:58

Murine Kidney Transplant Technique

Published on: October 20, 2015

16.1K

Developments in kidney xenotransplantation

Haiyan Xu1, Xiaozhou He1

  • 1Urology Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|January 26, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Advances in overcoming hyperacute and acute rejection have renewed enthusiasm for kidney xenotransplantation. Further immunological insights, including immunometabolism, may improve long-term xenograft survival.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Kidney xenotransplantation research has spanned over a century.
  • Hyperacute and acute rejection were major barriers, but scientific progress has largely overcome them.
  • Recent pre-clinical trials using genetically modified porcine kidneys showed promising results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key immunological challenges and advancements in kidney xenotransplantation.
  • To highlight the role of xenoantigens, costimulatory signal inhibition, gene editing, and immune tolerance.
  • To discuss the potential impact of immunometabolism on xenograft outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of immunological perspectives in kidney xenotransplantation.
  • Analysis of xenoantigen discovery and immune response modulation.
  • Examination of gene-editing technologies and immune tolerance induction strategies.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in overcoming hyperacute and acute rejection in xenotransplantation.
  • Gene-editing technologies, such as knockout of α1,3-galactosyltransferase, are crucial.
  • Pre-clinical trials have demonstrated feasibility and triggered renewed research interest.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney xenotransplantation holds promise for end-stage renal disease patients.
  • Continued immunological research, especially in immunometabolism, is vital for improving long-term xenograft survival.
  • Overcoming immune barriers remains central to successful xenotransplantation.
Keywords:
CD40L-CD40gene editingkidney xenotransplantationtolerance inductionα-Gal

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