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Related Concept Videos

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...
Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Murine Kidney Transplant Technique
08:58

Murine Kidney Transplant Technique

Published on: October 20, 2015

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Developments in kidney xenotransplantation.

Haiyan Xu1, Xiaozhou He1

  • 1Urology Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|January 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Advances in overcoming hyperacute and acute rejection have renewed enthusiasm for kidney xenotransplantation. Further immunological insights, including immunometabolism, may improve long-term xenograft survival.

Keywords:
CD40L-CD40gene editingkidney xenotransplantationtolerance inductionα-Gal

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Kidney xenotransplantation research has spanned over a century.
  • Hyperacute and acute rejection were major barriers, but scientific progress has largely overcome them.
  • Recent pre-clinical trials using genetically modified porcine kidneys showed promising results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key immunological challenges and advancements in kidney xenotransplantation.
  • To highlight the role of xenoantigens, costimulatory signal inhibition, gene editing, and immune tolerance.
  • To discuss the potential impact of immunometabolism on xenograft outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of immunological perspectives in kidney xenotransplantation.
  • Analysis of xenoantigen discovery and immune response modulation.
  • Examination of gene-editing technologies and immune tolerance induction strategies.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in overcoming hyperacute and acute rejection in xenotransplantation.
  • Gene-editing technologies, such as knockout of α1,3-galactosyltransferase, are crucial.
  • Pre-clinical trials have demonstrated feasibility and triggered renewed research interest.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney xenotransplantation holds promise for end-stage renal disease patients.
  • Continued immunological research, especially in immunometabolism, is vital for improving long-term xenograft survival.
  • Overcoming immune barriers remains central to successful xenotransplantation.