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Updated: Jul 4, 2025

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways

A Microfluidic Model of Biomimetically Breathing Pulmonary Acinar Airways

Published on: May 9, 2016

Toward 3D printed microfluidic artificial lungs for respiratory support.

Elyse Fleck^1,2, Charlise Keck^1,2, Karolina Ryszka^1,2

¹ECLS Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. jpotkay@umich.edu.

|January 26, 2024

Summary

3D printing enables rapid manufacturing of microfluidic artificial lungs (μALs) with high channel density. This biomimetic device mimics alveolar function, achieving efficient gas exchange and paving the way for clinical translation.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2025

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Published on: February 13, 2016

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Medical Devices
Microfluidics

Background:

Microfluidic artificial lungs (μALs) offer improved gas exchange and hemocompatibility over traditional oxygenators by mimicking the alveolar microenvironment.
Clinical translation of μALs is hindered by limitations in microfabrication techniques, restricting device geometry, size, and production throughput.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a rapid and scalable manufacturing method for microfluidic artificial lungs (μALs) using 3D printing.
To assess the gas exchange performance and hemocompatibility of 3D printed μALs.

Main Methods:

Utilized a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer and custom photopolymerizable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) resin for vat photopolymerization (VPP) of μALs.
Designed devices with 500 blood channels and 252 gas channels, featuring orthogonal flow paths and thin membranes for efficient gas exchange.
Tested gas exchange performance using ovine whole blood, measuring oxygen saturation and CO2 transfer efficiency.

Main Results:

Successfully manufactured μALs with high microchannel density (172 μm tall × 320 μm wide channels, 62 μm thick membranes).
Achieved measured outlet blood oxygen saturation (SO2) consistent with theoretical models.
Demonstrated high CO2 transfer efficiency, comparable to leading artificial lung technologies, with a blood side pressure drop of 1.58 mmHg at 1 mL min⁻¹ flow rate.

Conclusions:

Vat photopolymerization (VPP) 3D printing offers a rapid and scalable approach for fabricating complex microfluidic artificial lungs (μALs).
The 3D printed μALs exhibit promising gas exchange capabilities and hemocompatibility, addressing key limitations for clinical translation.
This technology represents a significant step towards the clinical application of advanced microfluidic artificial lung devices.