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Related Concept Videos

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance

446
Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
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Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base01:08

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base

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Weak acids and bases do not undergo dissociation completely, and titrations between these two are rarely studied. When such studies are performed, say, for the titration of a weak acid with a weak base, the titration curve plots the change in pH as a function of the volume of base added. Take the titration of acetic acid with ammonia, for instance. During the titration, these two species form ammonium acetate and water, but the pH change is slow and gradual.
As a result, there is no simple...
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid01:20

Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid

5.3K
The titration curve of a weak base like ammonia with a strong acid like hydrochloric acid is the mirror image of the titration curve of a weak acid with a strong base.
Using the ICE table and substituting the Kb value, we calculate the initial pH of 50 mL of 0.1 M ammonia to be 11.11. Addition of 25 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to this solution of ammonia results in a buffer with an equal concentration of ammonia and ammonium ions. The pH of this buffer can be calculated by substituting these...
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Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations01:17

Solution Composition During Acid/Base Titrations

585
The titration of a weak acid with a strong base results in the formation of water and the conjugate base of the acid. For instance, titrating acetic acid with sodium hydroxide leads to the formation of water and sodium acetate. A solution of acetic acid and sodium acetate constitutes a buffer whose relative concentration at different stages of the titration is indicated by the α values, which represent percentages of the weak acid and its conjugate base.
The α0 and α1 values...
585
Renal Clearance01:23

Renal Clearance

939
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical marker of kidney function, reflecting the efficiency of filtration by the glomeruli. Renal clearance of specific substances, such as inulin or creatinine, is commonly used to measure GFR.
Renal clearance refers to the volume of plasma cleared of a specific substance, such as creatinine, per unit of time. To measure clearance, urine samples are collected over a 24-hour period during each bladder voiding, followed by a single blood sample at the...
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Does Acidification Affect Urinary Creatinine in Dairy Cattle?

Tommaso Danese1, Maria Chiara Sabetti1, Nicolò Mezzasalma1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Sciences, Parma University, 43126 Parma, Italy.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|January 26, 2024
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Urine acidification for dairy cows can affect creatinine measurements, but it remains a reliable indicator of total urine volume. This study confirms creatinine

Keywords:
urinary markers in lactating cowsurinary nitrogenurine acidificationurine spot sampling

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Dairy farming's environmental impact is linked to urinary nitrogen excretion.
  • Urine acidification prevents nitrogen volatilization but may degrade creatinine.
  • Creatinine is a key marker for quantifying total urine excretion volume.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of urine acidification on creatinine concentration and detection in dairy cattle.
  • To determine if creatinine remains a viable marker for urine volume after acidification.

Main Methods:

  • Individual urine samples from 20 Holstein cows were collected.
  • Samples were divided into three groups: acidified (pH < 2), diluted with water, or untreated.
  • Creatinine levels were analyzed using the Jaffe method; statistical analysis included Friedman and Bland-Altman tests.

Main Results:

  • Statistically significant differences in urinary creatinine values were observed between the three treatment groups (p < 0.001).
  • Bland-Altman analysis showed agreement between acidified (Group 1) and untreated (Group 3) samples.
  • Despite some effect of acidification on measurement, creatinine's utility as a marker for total urine output was supported.

Conclusions:

  • Sample acidification affects urinary creatinine measurement using the Jaffe method.
  • Creatinine can still be a viable tool for estimating total urine output in acidified dairy cattle urine samples.