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Cutaneous Hyalohyphomycosis and Its Atypical Clinical Presentations in Immunosuppressed Patients

Nikola Ferara1,2, Sanja Špoljar1, Liborija Lugović-Mihić1,3

  • 1Department of Dermatovenereology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 26, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Invasive fungal infections are rising globally due to immunosuppression and antifungal resistance. This review focuses on cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by emerging pathogens like Purpureocillium lilacinum.

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections worldwide.
  • Emergence of opportunistic fungi, such as Purpureocillium lilacinum, as pathogens.
  • Antifungal resistance poses a significant global health challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis caused by Purpureocillium lilacinum.
  • To discuss hyalohyphomycosis caused by related hyaline fungi.
  • To highlight the importance of dermatologists in diagnosing and managing these infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis.
  • Focus on Purpureocillium lilacinum and related genera (Fusarium, Penicillium, Scedosporium, Scopulariopsis, Acremonium, Trichoderma).
  • Discussion of diagnostic and treatment challenges.

Main Results:

  • Purpureocillium lilacinum is an emerging cause of fungal infections.
  • Hyaline fungi cause hyalohyphomycosis, often affecting the skin.
  • Similarities exist in transmission, affected populations, and management difficulties across these fungi.

Conclusions:

  • Cutaneous hyalohyphomycosis requires timely recognition and diagnosis.
  • Early dermatological assessment is crucial to prevent severe outcomes.
  • Further research into diagnostics and treatment is warranted for emerging fungal pathogens.
Keywords:
AcremoniumFusariumPurpureocillium lilacinumcutaneous fungal infectionscutaneous hyalohyphomycosisimmunosuppressed patientsinvasive fungal infectionsmycetomaspectrum of cutaneous infections

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