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Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point...
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The Global Positioning System (GPS) has become an indispensable tool in fieldwork, offering unparalleled precision and efficiency for surveying, navigation, and infrastructure development. By harnessing signals from a constellation of satellites, GPS receivers determine the location of objects with remarkable speed and accuracy, often completing calculations within a second.Advantages of Modern GPS TechnologyContemporary GPS receivers are designed to meet the practical demands of field...
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GPS surveying methods vary in application, accuracy, and data collection techniques, catering to diverse surveying and mapping needs. Static GPS, kinematic GPS, and real-time kinematic (RTK) surveying are widely used. Each technique offers distinct advantages.Static GPS involves placing one receiver at a known reference point and another at the target point. It collects exact positional data by observing multiple satellite ranges over an extended period, achieving centimeter-level accuracy for...
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Global Positioning System (GPS) technology has revolutionized navigation and positioning, but its accuracy is often compromised by various errors. These errors, stemming from environmental, satellite, and receiver-related factors, require careful mitigation to ensure reliable performance across applications.Atmospheric ErrorsGPS signals travel through the Earth’s ionosphere and troposphere, introducing delays which affect accuracy. The ionosphere is strongly influenced by charged particles,...
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The Global Positioning System (GPS) revolutionized positioning on Earth, providing precise location data through satellite ranging. The GPS system was developed in 1978 by the U.S. Department of Defense  for military use, and it became available for civilian applications in 1983, transforming fields including navigation, fleet management, and time synchronization for telecommunications systems.GPS consists of satellites in medium Earth orbit, about 20,200 kilometers above the surface,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2025

Measuring and Mapping Patterns of Soil Erosion and Deposition Related to Soil Carbonate Concentrations Under Agricultural Management
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Designing and Testing an IoT Low-Cost PPP-RTK Augmented GNSS Location Device.

Domenico Amalfitano1, Matteo Cutugno2, Umberto Robustelli3

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new Internet of Things (IoT) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device achieves decimeter-level accuracy for real-time positioning. This low-cost solution is suitable for urban kinematic applications, offering reliable performance and data accessibility.

Keywords:
GNSSIoTPPP-RTKPoint Perfecthigh-accuracy positioninglow-cost hardwaremass-market navigationu-blox ZED-F9P

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Area of Science:

  • Geomatics Engineering
  • Satellite Navigation Systems
  • Internet of Things

Background:

  • Advancements in multi-constellation, multi-frequency Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers enable precise positioning.
  • Existing techniques like Network Real Time Kinematic (RTK) and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) have limitations for large-scale or kinematic applications.
  • There is a need for real-time, low-cost, and accurate positioning solutions for emerging applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) GNSS device for real-time kinematic positioning.
  • To achieve decimeter-level horizontal and vertical accuracy in urban environments.
  • To ensure solution availability and provide connectivity for IoT network integration.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an IoT GNSS device utilizing low-cost hardware.
  • Integration with a commercial Precise Point Positioning-Real Time Kinematic (PPP-RTK) correction service delivered via IP.
  • Conducting vehicle-borne kinematic tests in urban settings to assess performance.

Main Results:

  • The developed IoT GNSS device achieved decimeter-level accuracy for both horizontal and vertical positioning.
  • The device demonstrated the targeted solution availability during kinematic tests.
  • The integrated IoT ports proved feasible for transmitting position solutions over an internet connection.

Conclusions:

  • The low-cost IoT GNSS device successfully meets the requirements for real-time, decimeter-level accurate positioning in urban kinematic scenarios.
  • The device's design facilitates integration into IoT networks, enabling widespread data collection and application.
  • The hybrid PPP-RTK approach offers a viable solution for cost-effective, high-accuracy GNSS applications.