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Teat morphology across five buffalo breeds: a multi-country collaborative study.

Carlo Boselli¹, Angela Costa², Massimo De Marchi³

¹Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio E Della Toscana "Mariano Aleandri,", Rome, 00178, Italy. carlo.boselli@izslt.it.

Tropical Animal Health and Production

|January 26, 2024

Summary

Teat morphology in buffalo breeds varies significantly, with breed influencing teat canal length and teat wall thickness. These anatomical differences, particularly in teat canal length (TCL), are heritable and breed-dependent, offering insights for selective breeding programs.

Keywords:

Dairy buffalo Genetic diversity Mammary gland morphology Teat anatomy

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Area of Science:

Animal Science
Veterinary Anatomy
Dairy Science

Background:

Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are globally important for milk, meat, and labor.
Understanding teat morphology is crucial for animal welfare and efficient milk production, especially in mechanical milking systems.
Breed-specific anatomical variations can reflect historical breeding objectives and selective pressures.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize and compare teat morphology across five popular buffalo breeds.
To investigate correlations between different teat parameters (teat canal length, teat diameter, cisternal diameter, teat wall thickness).
To identify breed-specific and parity-related differences in teat anatomy.

Main Methods:

Ultrasound measurements of teat parameters (TCL, TD, CD, TW) were taken from 100 lactating buffaloes across five breeds.
Data were analyzed using analysis of variance to assess the effect of breed and parity.
Correlations between teat measurements were examined.

Main Results:

Significant breed-specific differences were observed in teat canal length (TCL), teat wall (TW), and teat length (TL), but not teat diameter (TD).
Nili Ravi buffaloes had the smallest TCL and largest TL, while Mediterranean buffaloes had the smallest cisternal diameter (CD).
Older (pluriparous) buffaloes exhibited larger TD, TW, and TL compared to younger (primiparous) ones. Front teats differed from rear teats in TD, CD, and TL.

Conclusions:

Teat morphology in buffaloes is a heritable, breed-dependent trait influenced by selective breeding goals.
Variations in teat anatomy, such as TCL and TW, can impact milkability and suitability for mechanical milking.
Understanding these anatomical descriptors provides insights into breed history and can guide future selection strategies for improved dairy performance and welfare.