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Does gender affect environmentally virtuous behaviour? Evidence from selective waste collection.

Anna Laura Baraldi1, Claudia Cantabene1, Alessandro De Iudicibus1

  • 1Department of Economics, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, C.so Gran Priorato di Malta, 81043, Capua, Italy.

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Increased female politicians in local government significantly boost selective waste collection and reduce landfill waste. This study highlights the positive impact of women in political roles on environmental policy effectiveness.

Keywords:
Female politiciansGender quotasMunicipal electionsSelective waste collection

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Policy
  • Political Science
  • Public Administration

Background:

  • Environmental issues and waste management are critical at the municipal level.
  • Potential gender differences in environmental attitudes may influence waste management strategies.
  • The impact of women's political representation on environmental policy effectiveness remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal relationship between the presence of women politicians and the effectiveness of selective waste collection.
  • To determine if increased female representation in municipal councils enhances waste management outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a difference-in-differences instrumental variable analysis.
  • Exploited Italy's gender quota law (Law 215/2012) as an exogenous shock to female councilor representation.
  • Conducted sensitivity analyses across various model specifications, variable definitions, municipality sizes, and geographical areas.

Main Results:

  • A one standard deviation increase in female councilors correlates with a 2.18 percentage point rise in selective waste collection.
  • This increase also led to a 447.86-tonne rise in total selective waste tonnage.
  • Simultaneously, non-selective waste collection decreased by 491.22 tonnes.

Conclusions:

  • Empirical evidence supports a positive causal link between higher percentages of women in municipal councils and improved selective waste collection.
  • The findings suggest that increasing women's political representation can be an effective strategy for enhancing municipal environmental performance.
  • Policy implications point towards gender quotas as a tool for advancing sustainable waste management practices.